Reform Movements • Page - Jefferson Elementary School District

19th & 20th Century Reform Movements

| Asian Americans | Latino Workers | Harvey Milk: Activist |

Selected Biographies of Activists and Reformers
http://www.infoplease.com/biography/activists.html

Reform Movements in 19th Century America
http://home.earthlink.net/~gfeldmeth/lec.reform.html

The Reform Impulse
http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog08/transcript/page04.html#Debate
"Religious revivalism fueled the moral and social reforms of the first half of the 19th Century. "

Unitarian Society
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRunitarian.htm

Society of Friends
http://members.tripod.com/hillmans2002/introtxt.html

Society of Friends - Quakers
http://mb-soft.com/believe/txc/quakers.htm

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Education

Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US
http://www.arc.org/erase/timeline.html

Henry Barnard, advocate of common schools
http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/1900barnard.html

The Foundations of American Education
http://www.innovationodyssey.com/americanEducation.htm

Common School Reform, 1830-1850
http://asterix.ednet.lsu.edu/~maxcy/4001_5.htm

History of Education
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561415_2/History_of_Education.html

Public Education in the United States
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571494/Public_Education_in_the_United_States.html

Transcendental Ideas: Education
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/edhistory.html

Horace Mann
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/mann.html

Horace Mann bio
http://www.famousamericans.net/horacemann/

John Joseph Hughes
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/hughes.html

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Catherine Beecher
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/beecher.html

Booker T. Washington
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/washington.html

Common School Reform
http://asterix.ednet.lsu.edu/%7Emaxcy/4001_5.htm

McGuffey's Readers
http://www.howtotutor.com/guffy.htm

McGuffety Readers2
http://www.nd.edu/%7Erbarger/www7/mcguffey.html

Education for the Educators
http://historyeducationinfo.com/edu4.htm

Julia Richman
http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/richman.html

Progressive Education
http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/progrsved.html

Pauline Agassiz Shaw
http://search.ancestry.com/db-bcaw/P6.aspx?

Tuskegee Institute
http://www.nps.gov/tuin/

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Women's Equality

Suffragist Biographies

Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment: Primary source documents
http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/woman_suffrage/woman_suffrage.html

The Declaration of Sentiments : Seneca Falls Conference, 1848
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/Senecafalls.html

Married Women's Property Act New York State, 1849
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_married_women_property_1848.htm

Women's Rights (Lots of links)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAsuffrage.htm

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National Museum of Women's History
http://www.nmwh.org/exhibits/exhibit_frames.html

Not For Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
http://www.pbs.org/stantonanthony/
" E xperience the work of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-at home or in the classroom.Track key events in the suffrage movement, delve into historic documents and essays, and take a look at where women are today. "

Aiding the anti-slavery movement
http://adh.sc.edu:80/dynaweb/MEP/sa/@Generic__BookTextView/17761;hf=0
"After the national election of 1856, SBA accepted an offer from the American Anti-Slavery Society to work as its chief agent in New York State."

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Suffragist Biographies

Susan B. Anthony

Susan B. Anthony Bio
http://www.notablebiographies.com/An-Ba/Anthony-Susan-B.html
"Susan B. Anthony was an early leader of the American women's suffrage movement and a pioneer in the struggle to gain equality for women."

SBAnthony Speech: On Women's Right to Vote http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/anthony.htm

SBAnthony: Women's Suffrage Pioneer
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/anthonysusanb/a/anthony.htm
"Key spokesperson for the 19th century women's suffrage movement."

SBAnthony Dares to Vote! http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4973&FullBreadCrumb=%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.scholastic.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsearch%2F%3FNtx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallpartial%26_N%3Dfff%26Ntk%3DSCHL30_SI%26query%3Dsusan%2520b.%2520anthony%26N%3D0%26Ntt%3Dsusan%2Bb.%2Banthony%22+class%3D%22endecaAll%22%3EAll+Results%3C%2Fa%3E "In November 1872, she and 15 other women in Rochester, New York, had demanded to be registered and had voted in the national election."

SBAnthony Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/quotes/a/qu_s_b_anthony.htm
"It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union."

Elizabeth Blackwell

Elizabeth Blackwell Bio
http://www.notablebiographies.com/Be-Br/Blackwell-Elizabeth.html
"The first woman in America to receive a medical degree, Elizabeth Blackwell crusaded for the admission of women to medical schools in the United States and Europe."

EB: First Woman Physician http://womenshistory.about.com/od/blackwellelizabeth/a/eliz_blackwell.htm
"Elizabeth Blackwell graduated first in her class in January, 1849, becoming thereby the first woman to graduate from medical school, the first woman doctor of medicine in the modern era."

EBlackwell Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/od/blackwellelizabeth/a/Elizabeth-Blackwell-Quotes.htm
"It is not easy to be a pioneer -- but oh, it is fascinating!"

Lucretia Mott

Lucretia Mott Bio http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffragepre1848/p/lucretia_mott.htm
"Reformer, antislavery and women's rights activist, Quaker minister."

Lucretia Mott Bio2 http://www.biography.com/articles/Lucretia-Mott-9416590
"A child of Quaker parents, Lucretia Mott grew up to become a leading social reformer."

Lucretia Mott: Woman of Courage http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4953
"Abolitionist Lucretia Mott was not afraid to stand up for what she believed was right."

LMott Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/lucretia_mott.htm
"I grew up so thoroughly imbued with women's rights that it was the most important question of my life from a very early day."

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Bio http://www.biography.com/articles/Elizabeth-Cady-Stanton-9492182
"Women's rights activist, feminist, editor, and writer."

ECStanton Bio2 http://www.notablebiographies.com/Sc-St/Stanton-Elizabeth-Cady.html
"The writer and reformer Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) was perhaps the most gifted feminist leader in American history."

ECS: Excerpts from her Autobiography http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4962&FullBreadCrumb=%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.scholastic.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsearch%2F%3FNtx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallpartial%26_N%3Dfff%26Ntk%3DSCHL30_SI%26query%3Delizabeth%2520cady%2520stanton%26N%3D0%26Ntt%3Delizabeth%2Bcady%2Bstanton%22+class%3D%22endecaAll%22%3EAll+Results%3C%2Fa%3E "In the 1830s and 1840s, thousands of women joined the abolition movement. And as they became politically active for the first time, they began to discover their own oppression."

ECStone Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/quotes/a/ec_stanton.htm
"Because man and woman are the complement of one another, we need woman's thought in national affairs to make a safe and stable government. "

Lucy Stone

Lucy Stone Bio http://womenshistory.about.com/od/stonelucy/p/lucy_stone.htm
"Reformer, lecturer, editor, women's rights advocate, abolitionist."

Lucy Stone - A Soul As Free As the Air
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa062899.htm
"When her women's rights speeches created too much controversy within the Anti-Slavery Society -- was she diminishing her efforts on behalf of the abolition cause? -- she arranged to separate the two ventures, speaking on weekends on abolition and weekdays on women's rights, and charging admission for the speeches on women's rights. In three years, she earned $7,000 with her women's rights talks. "

Lucy Stone - The Progress of Fifty Years - Speech given in 1893
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_1893_lucy_stone.htm
"The anti-slavery cause had come to break stronger fetters than those that held the slave. The idea of equal rights was in the air."

Lucy Stone Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/library/qu/blquston.htm
"I was a woman before I was an abolitionist. I must speak for the women."

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Prisons

Prison Reform
http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/prison.html

Elizabeth Fry
http://www.efryottawa.com/e.fry_history/html/efryottawahistoryEfry.htm

Dorothea Dix bio
http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/mhddsas/DIX/dorothea.html

Dorothea Dix bio2
http://www.mfh.org/specialprojects/shwlp/site/honorees/dix.html

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Prison Reform encyclopedia article
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573083_4/Prison.html

Prison Treadmills
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi374.htm

Conditions in Prison and Types of Punishment during the 19th century
http://www.schools.bedfordshire.gov.uk/gaol/background/prisonconditions.htm

Prison Reform in Pennsylvania
http://www.prisonsociety.org/about/history.shtml

Missouri Welfare League
http://pages.slu.edu/student/jatckosa/introduction.html

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Mental health

Mental Health History Timeline (Lots of links)
http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/mhhtim.htm

Dorothea Dix bio
http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/mhddsas/DIX/dorothea.html

Dorothea Dix bio2
http://www.mfh.org/specialprojects/shwlp/site/honorees/dix.html

Mental Health
http://www.cl.utoledo.edu/canaday/quackery/quack5.html

Mental Health Reform Movements
http://www.academicarmageddon.co.uk/library/everett.htm

History of Mental Health
http://members.tripod.com/hillmans2002/introtxt.html

History of Mental Health Services
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter2/sec7.html

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Abolition

| Abolitionist Biographies | Slave Narratives |

The Abolitionist
http://afgen.com/slave1.html
Links to19th Century articles for and against slavery. "This site offers contemporary and historic information concerning Black America
and the Abolitionist."

American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of A Thousand Witnesses (1839) (Scroll down to the contents)
http://medicolegal.tripod.com/weldslaveryasis.htm#tableofcontents

Huckleberry Finn
http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/HuckFinn/

Blackface Minstrelsy
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton/huckfinn/minstrl.html

The Liberator Inaugural Editorial by W. L. Garrison
http://www.sewanee.edu/faculty/Willis/Civil_War/documents/Liberator.html

White and Black Abolitionist Newspapers Compared
http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/abm-kf-am.html

American Colonization Society
http://personal.denison.edu/~waite/liberia/history/acs.htm

Anti-Slavery Society (Lots of links)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAantislavery.htm

Underground Railroad
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/j1.html

American Slavery: A Composite Autobiography
http://www.slavenarratives.com/
"The authoritative collection of WPA slave narratives on the Web"

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On Denied Civil Rights-1840
http://www.libraries.wvu.edu/delany/civrite.htm
Martin Delaney's writings inThe Mirror.

Anti-Slavery Society 1831
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAantislavery.htm
Great site with links to abolitionist information.

Anti-Slavery Newspapers
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASnewspapers.htm
"In 1821 Benjamin Lundy, began publishing the anti-slavery newspaper, Genius of Universal Emancipation. Over the next thirty years there were over twenty radical newspapers that tended to concentrate on the issue of slavery and civil rights. "

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Influence of Prominent Abolitionists: African-American Mosaic Exhibition (Library of Congress)
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam006.html

Rescue of Joshua Glover, a Runaway Slave
http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER1124.html
" Joshua Glover was a runaway slave, who sought asylum in Racine, Wisconsin in the early part of the year 1854. "

Martin Delany Home Page
http://www.libraries.wvu.edu/delany/home.htm
""Do not fail to meet this most extraordinary and intelligent black man." --President Abraham Lincoln to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, February 8, 1865"

Modern History Sourcebook: Booker T Washington (1856-1915): Speech at the Atlanta Exposition, 1895
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1895washington-atlanta.html
"In 1895 Washington was the only African American invited to address the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta. He was introduced as "a representative of Negro enterprise and Negro civilization." This speech is sometimes known as the "Atlanta compromise", and opinions about Washington differ markedly among different commentators.."

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American Slave Narratives

American Slave Narratives http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/wpa/wpahome.html
“These former slaves, most born in the last years of the slave regime or during the Civil War, provided first-hand accounts of their experiences on plantations, in cities, and on small farms.”

Born in Slavery http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/
“These narratives were collected in the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).”

Oklahoma Slave Narratives http://www.okgenweb.org/slave.htm
“The Slave Narrative Collection have been transcribed as they were written.”

I Was a Slave http://www.utne.com/2008-07-01/Politics/I-Was-a-Slave.aspx
“These narratives come from To Plead Our Own Cause: Personal Stories by Today’s Slaves (Cornell University Press, 2008), by Kevin Bales and Zoe Trodd.”

More Modern Slave Narratives http://www.utne.com/2008-07-01/Politics/More-Slave-Stories.aspx
“These slave narratives come from To Plead Our Own Cause: Personal Stories by Today’s Slaves (Cornell University Press, 2008), by Kevin Bales and Zoe Trodd.”

Modern Day Slavery: Slaves Among Us http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rE2AJTIzyo&feature=related
Short Youtube film.

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Abolitionist Biographies

Henry Bibb

Henry Bibb Bio http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sbibb.htm
"A slave may be bought and sold in the market like an ox. He is liable to be sold off to a distant land from his family.”

Summary of “Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself” http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bibb/summary.html
“The text itself describes Bibb's childhood as a slave and his many experiences in slavery. It ends shortly after he secured his freedom.”

“Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself.” http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bibb/menu.html
“Henry Walton Bibb (1815-1854) was born in Shelby County, Kentucky to a slave mother and Kentucky state senator, James Bibb.”

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass
http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/home.html
Background and links. "Frederick Douglass was one of the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement, which fought to end slavery within the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War."

William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison (lots of links)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASgarrison.htm

William Lloyd Garrison 2
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1561.html

Sarah Grimke

Sarah Grimke
http://www.english.ilstu.edu/351/hypertext98/hankins/african/SGrimke.html

Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke Weld
http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/whm2000/grimke4.html

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe Bio http://www.notablebiographies.com/St-Tr/Stowe-Harriet-Beecher.html
“The impact created in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin made her one of the most widely known American women writers of the nineteenth century.”

HBS Quotes http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/h_b_stowe.htm
“The truth is the kindest thing we can give folks in the end.”

HBS Center http://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/
“The Harriet Beecher Stowe Center uses Stowe’s life and work to inspire YOU to change your world.”

Uncle Tom's Cabin
http://www.ghg.net/hollaway/civil/civil11.htm
"Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" brought about a sense of outrage in America that had not previously been seen. "

Harriet Beecher Stowe Center
http://stowecenter.org/

Harriet Beecher Stowe links
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA97/riedy/hbs.html

Harriet Beecher Stowe bio
http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/stow-har.htm

Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth bio
http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/trut-soj.htm

Sojourner Truth, The Libyan Sibyl
http://eserver.org/fiction/sojourner-truth.txt
An appreciation by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Sojourner Truth - African American Historical Figure
http://www.brightmoments.com/blackhistory/nsotrue.html
"...became one of the first people in the country to link the oppression of black slaves with the oppression of women. "

Sojourner Truth: Ain't I a Woman? Speech
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/sojtruth-woman.html
"If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back , and get it right side up again! "

Sojourner Truth: A'nt I a Woman? Report of her speech with comments.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/sojtruth2.html

Theodore Weld

Theodore Weld http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASweld.htm

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Asian Americans

Snapshot of the Asian American Activist Movement http://www.kqed.org/w/snapshots/
“In just a few months, I learned a little bit about what racism really means.”

Yuri Kochiyama | Dalip Singh Saund | Helen Zia |

Yuri Kochiyama

Yuri Kochiyama Bio http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Kochiyama
“Japanese American human rights activist.”

Yuri Kochiyama Bio2 with links http://www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2004/sites/kochiyama/main.html
“Yuri Kochiyama (1921- ) is a grassroots civil rights activist who has involved herself in a wide range of issues from international political prisoner rights, nuclear disarmament, and Japanese redress for World War II internment.”

YK: The Last Revolutionary http://www.modelminority.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=390:yuri-kochiyama-the-last-revolutionary-&catid=43:leaders&Itemid=56
“In Movement circles, Yuri is something of a celebrity.”

Blue Scholars – Yuri Kochiyama http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kcm7VbFCXno
Rap song video.

Tall Story with Yuri Kochiyama Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTzd2I1nyhE
Video of the activist.

Tall Story with Yuri Kochiyama Part 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MB0DoCKtWEY&feature=related
Video of the activist.

Civil Rights Activist Yuri Kochiyama on her Internment in a WWII Japanese American Detention Camp & Malcolm X’s Assassination http://www.democracynow.org/2008/2/20/civil_rights_activist_yuri_kochiyama_remembers
“Kochiyama’s activism began after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, when she and her family were held in an internment camp along with more than 100,000 Japanese in the United States.”

Dalip Singh Saund

Dalip Singh Saund Bio http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund
“He was the first Asian American, Indian American and Sikh member of the United States Congress.”

DSS: Roots in the Sand http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_dalip1.html
PBS bio.

Dalip Singh Saund http://www.saund.org/dalipsaund/

Dalip Singh Saund: An Asian Indian American Pioneer http://www.aaa-fund.org/history/dalip_saund.php
“Just over a hundred years ago, in 1899, Dalip Singh Saund was born in a village in Punjab Province, India. In 1956, after immigrating to California, he became the first Asian American elected to the United States Congress.”

Congressman Dalip Singh Saund interview part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFB1s4HoPEU
Youtube video.

Congressman Dalip Singh Saund interview part 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-Bwrb0vMvM&feature=related
Youtube video.

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Helen Zia

Helen Zia Bio http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Zia
“American journalist and scholar who has covered Asian American communities and social and political movements for decades.”

Helen Zia on Becoming American: The Chinese Experience http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness12.html
“They want us to hold on tight to those elements of Chinese culture. But I'd never been there.”

Helen Zia Makes it Real at Prop. 8 Trial http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com/?p=56637
Article from the San Francisco Sentinel.

Helen Zia: Why I Will Carry the Olympic Torch http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=9fd70376754f7a04b285ad0a0ba686f9
“Being an American of Chinese descent, I grew up hearing constant critiques of the terrible Communist dictatorship.”

Latino Workers' Rights

Cesar Chavez Resources
Links to resources about Chavez.

Dolores Huerta

Dolores Huerta Bio http://dhuerta.hostcentric.com/dh_bio.htm
“Dolores found her calling as

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